Neuroscience · Life Sciences
Neurons & Cognition
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163 papers, from 31 August 2026 to 5 November 2026: 140 arXiv preprints and 23 OpenAlex records.
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Ontic state recovery through prediction
We encounter a system through its responses, yet its state concerns how the system is.Representing short-term movement to reveal animal identity and learning progress
How learning progresses over time and varies across individuals is a longstanding question in cognitive and behavioral science.Cross-disorder Learning of Imaging-derived Joint Mophometric Markers in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases
As two most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) shared commonalities both in symptomology and pathophysiology.Simulating Infant Senses with Age-Tuned Networks
What a newborn sees, hears and feels, and how this changes month by month, has been measured sense by sense, with different methods and in different units.Multilingual Brain Decoding Reveals Shared Cortical Semantic Geometry
Human languages differ markedly in lexical and syntactic form yet can convey similar semantic content.What Shapes Brain Alignment of Large Language Models during Dialogue? Insights from Language Production and Comprehension
Brain alignment of large language models (LLMs) offers a way to investigate representational similarities between LLMs and the human brain during language processing.Deep LLM layers expose passage-level context in EEG during silent reading
In a previous report we showed that a decoder can recover open-vocabulary word-level information from 19-channel EEG recorded during silent reading, by aligning short EEG windows with hidden-state…Language Models Share a Readout Bottleneck in Working Memory
Large language models (LLMs) reproduce a human working-memory signature on the N-back task: performance declines as memory load N increases, and errors concentrate on lures, items that repeat the…Upper bounds on the number of causal pieces in spiking neural networks
The input space of single-spike neural networks decomposes into causal pieces, and the number of causal pieces has been shown to provide a lower bound on the approximation error for some spiking…Alignment of visual brain encoding models with individual perceptual similarity judgments
Encoding models that predict brain activation responses to images have traditionally been trained to maximize accuracy when predicting observed brain data.Brain-Aligned Multimodal LLMs for Social and Emotional Understanding of Cartoon Movies
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) offer scalable annotations of social and affective content, but their temporal agreement with human judgments and neural predictive value require further…How Long Is the Coast of a Neuron? Resolution-Dependent Interaction Order and Computational Capacity
Mandlebrot's coastline paradox reframes measurement as a joint property of an object and its ruler.Semantic Alignment of EEG and Text: A Contrastive Learning Framework for Decoding Imagined Speech
Imagined speech decoding from EEG offers a promising route toward naturalistic brain-computer interfaces.Cross-subject decoding of imagined speech from scalp EEG: a leakage-controlled evaluation on three public corpora
A decoder of imagined speech that works for a new user without calibration would make a non-invasive speech interface practical.Collective Benefits and Efficiency in Coupled Echo State Networks
Simple aggregation of independent responses ("wisdom of crowds") generally improves collective performance through statistical facilitation, but interaction among members can sometimes hinder group…Two Routes to Interoceptive Prioritisation: Dissociating Likelihood Precision and Preference Reweighting in Active Inference
An embodied agent must prioritise among competing bodily needs.Learning Perceptual Geometry of Natural Odor Mixtures from LLM-Derived Descriptors
The relationship between odor chemistry and perception remains incompletely understood.Beyond Successful Play: Diagnosing Opponent Modeling in Large Language Models
Language-model agents are expected to adapt to others whose behavior changes through interaction.FlyHack: Stress-Testing Mechanistic Claims in a Connectome-Constrained Visual Model
Connectome-constrained neural networks make biological components directly accessible to intervention, but their mechanistic conclusions can still depend on the comparison model, intervention…DyssomniaNN: Multi-Scale Spiking Neural Modeling of Human Sleep Disorders and Perceived Restedness
Clinical sleep medicine repeatedly documents profound divergences between objective sleep duration and subjective daytime impairment, notably exemplified by sleep state misperception in paradoxical…