Probability & Statistics · Mathematics & Statistics
Methodology
The newest papers in Methodology that ReadSearch has read, newest first. Each links to its own page, with its authors, date, where it was published and the original.
353 papers, from 4 September 2026 to 5 November 2026: 353 arXiv preprints.
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Specification LASSO and a Flexible Characteristics-Based Asset Pricing Model
This paper studies a partially linear semiparametric additive model that allows for interactions among variables in high-dimensional settings.Benchmark Prediction with Sparse and Unpaired Cached Responses
Evaluating a generative model on all queries from all available benchmark tasks is prohibitively expensive.Transport for Conditional Sampling: Foundations and Applications
Conditional sampling is central to Bayesian inference, generative modeling, and causal inference: given a joint law for random variables $X$ and $Y$ and an observation $Y=y$, one seeks to sample…Principled Human-AI Collaboration in Agentic Workflows
Organizations adopting AI face the challenge of deciding which outputs can be released without human review while meeting the quality standards of human experts.Stand-In Effects and Pooling Amplification: Design-Based Tests of Whether Biological World Models Use Actions
Action-conditioned world models are increasingly trained on data from randomized experiments, and whether their predictions respond to actions is usually checked by replacing or removing the actions…Optimal spectral shrinkage via Krylov approximation
Spectral shrinkage encompasses a broad family of estimators for high-dimensional linear regression that regularize estimation and prediction by applying spectral filters to the sample covariance…Partial Invariance for Classification under Structural Causal Models
Making predictions in an unseen environment from data collected across multiple training environments is challenging.Power-Optimal Risk Control via Standardized Margin Calibration
Machine learning can screen far more candidates than can be experimentally validated, creating a need for selection procedures that identify promising candidates while controlling risk before costly…Estimating Average Treatment Effects with Projected Instrumental Variables
In this paper, we develop a projected instrumental variable framework that relaxes conventional assumptions for causal identification with instrumental variables.Pricing Today, Shaping Tomorrow: Contextual Dynamic Pricing in Purchase-Driven Evolving Systems
Across diverse markets, it is important for firms to balance attracting customers with managing operational conditions, such as workloads and delivery times.Differential Privacy for Generalized Entropy Indices of Income Inequality
The mean log deviation and the Theil index are two widely used measures of income inequality.Optimal Learning in Fairness-Aware Contextual Bandits
Mitigating unfair disparities in sequential decision-making is a growing concern in machine learning.Selective inference for pruned interaction trees with known unequal variances in randomized trials
Interaction trees reuse outcomes to discover treatment-effect heterogeneity, complicating inference after growth and pruning.Accuracy Is Not Risk: Why Medical AI Should Not Report Only Its Most Likely Label
Many medical AI models are trained to reproduce a single reference label and hand the most likely label to the next step in a clinical workflow.Instrumental Transfer Learning for Solution Operators
Data-driven learning for the solution operator of a differential equation has broad scientific importance, but observations from a target system are often scarce and costly to collect.Reliability-Weighted Direct Preference Optimization: Penalized Weights for Robust Preference Learning
Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) treats every reported comparison as correct, yet preference data contain reversed, tied or otherwise noisy comparisons.Outstrumental Variable Regression
Estimating the causal effect of a treatment $X$ on an outcome $Y$ from observational data in the presence of unobserved confounding requires additional structure or assumptions.When the Same Prompt Gives Different Answers (and the Same Answer Isn't Always Right): A Taxonomy of Failure Mechanisms, Testing, and Mitigation Strategies for LLM-Assisted Evidence Synthesis Read-and-Evaluate Tasks
LLM read-and-evaluate tasks include study screening, data extraction, risk-of-bias assessment, and critical appraisal in the evidence synthesis field.Zero-Complement Extrapolation: Parameter Recovery and Classification in Severely Imbalanced Logistic Regression under Rank-Deficient Regimes
Parameter estimation and classification in binary logistic regression deteriorate severely when the number of minority class observations ($n_1$) is smaller than the feature dimension ($p$).Confidence Filtering in Video-Based Gait Assessment: Measurement Error versus Selection Shift
Video-based gait assessment often keeps only high-confidence pose observations, which can lower measurement error but change the movement assessed.