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Mathematics & Statistics
New mathematics and statistics is posted on arXiv, often long before it appears in a journal. This page shows the newest papers ReadSearch has read, from algebra and geometry to analysis, probability and applied mathematics.
The newest 1,000 papers, from 13 October 2026 to 5 November 2026: 971 arXiv preprints and 29 OpenAlex records.
Newest papers, page 20
Learning Kolmogorov Backward Operators for Spectral Analysis and Forecasting: A Data-Driven Variational Galerkin Framework
For a time-homogeneous Markov process, the fixed-lag solution operator \( (T_τf)(x)=\mathbb E[f(X_{t+τ})\mid X_t=x] \) of the Kolmogorov backward equation evolves observables linearly and…Sharp Tilting Inequalities
For positive semidefinite matrices $A,B$ and $1/2\leα\le1$, we establish $\operatorname{Tr}\!\left[A\,D\log(A^α+B^α)(B^α)\right] \le s^s(1-s)^{1-s}\operatorname{Tr}[A^αB^{1-α}]$, where $s=(1-α)/α$…Emergence of the transformer architecture as the score of entropic laws of random measures
We show that the transformer architecture emerges as the score of last-token laws in a natural statistical model of language, where sentences are empirical measures of tokens, a language is a law on…Carbon-Aware Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Decision-Focused Learning
Electric vehicles produce no tailpipe emissions, but charging them produces emissions that depend on the time-varying generation mix of the electricity consumed.Formalizing the Intrinsic Dimension of Objective Landscapes by a Generalized Notion of Co-dimension
In this work, we formalize the concept of intrinsic dimension of objective landscapes introduced in Li et al. (2018), which measures the structural complexity of learning problems by training along…Confidence Filtering in Video-Based Gait Assessment: Measurement Error versus Selection Shift
Video-based gait assessment often keeps only high-confidence pose observations, which can lower measurement error but change the movement assessed.Adaptive Federated Optimization Across Smooth and Nonsmooth Regimes
AdaGrad-style methods can simultaneously adapt to both the order and constants of smoothness in centralized optimization.Implicit Bias of (Stochastic) Gradient Descent on Deep Linear Diagonal Networks
Modern machine learning models are often overparameterized, i.e., have more parameters than training data.Going deep, reaching further: What can Boltzmann machines efficiently represent?
While universal approximation theorems theoretically underpin the representation capabilities of machine learning models, they have two shortcomings: They do not focus on efficient representations…Four-Coloring Planar Graphs in Linear Time
The famous Four Color Theorem (4CT) states that any planar graph can be colored with four colors, but how do we find a 4-coloring?From Trees to Binary Trees: Approximation Algorithms and a PTAS
Kellerhals, Krebs, Nichterlein, and Schmid introduced the optimization problem Tree in Binary Tree (TBT), where, given a tree $T$, the task is to find a binary tree $S^*$ with $V(T)=V(S^*)$ that…Strong rate for one-dimensional driftless continuous strict local martingales
For one-dimensional strict local martingales of the form $\mathrm{d} X_t=σ(X_t) \mathrm{d} W_t$ starting from $X_{0}=x_{0}>0$, we prove the strong rate $\mathbb{E}\left[|X^h_N-X_T|\right] \lesssim…Data-driven Random-feature Approximation of Koopman Generators of Nonlinear Continuous-time Systems
Learning continuous-time dynamical systems from data is an active area of research.When to spend privacy: optimal allocation in private learning
Privacy accounting bounds the cumulative privacy cost of Differentially Private Stochastic Gradient Descent but does not determine how to allocate a fixed budget across iterations.Reinforcement Learning Under Runtime Confounding: Policy Learning and Off-Policy Evaluation
Reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly used to train robust, adaptable systems across healthcare, e-commerce, and robotics.Integer-Quantized Hierarchical Matrices with Adaptive Bit Allocation
We present an adaptive bitwidth allocation method for quantizing low-rank factors in hierarchical matrices in order to decrease storage while meeting a given constraint on their reconstruction error.A density calculus for quantum field theory
These notes provide an introduction to Haagerup noncommutative $L^p$ spaces for quantum field theorists.Three-dimensional QCA that are not stably circuits
We prove that the three-dimensional chiral $\Z_p$ Clifford quantum cellular automata of Haah and of Sun--Yang--Wang--Tantivasadakarn--Chen are, for every odd prime $p$, not finite-depth quantum…Conformal Annotation with Randomized Expert Review: Application to Online Cell-Type Labeling
Artificial intelligence (AI) models can accelerate cell-type annotation in digital pathology, but safely scaling their use requires determining, with error control, which model-generated labels can…Statistical Analysis of Synthetic Data with Verification: A Linear Regression Framework
Synthetic data are widely used for training modern AI systems.
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