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Physics & Society
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81 papers, from 4 September 2026 to 5 November 2026: 81 arXiv preprints.
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Newest papers, page 4
Multidimensional Political Attitudes and Polarization Across 141 Countries
Societies worldwide are described as increasingly polarized, yet issue polarization -- how divided a society is over political positions -- has been measured almost entirely on a single left-right…Scaling of Capability and Efficiency at Inference Time in Large Reasoning Models
Capability and efficiency are two key dimensions of reasoning in large language models (LLMs).Indirect tipping: a social attack surface in AI agent populations
As generative AI agents are deployed at scale, safety will depend not only on technical safeguards and individual model design, but also on collective equilibria that determine how agent populations…Inferring the microscopic mechanisms of opinion dynamics using a kinetic Ising model
Kinetic Ising models are widely used to describe binary opinion dynamics, but their microscopic validity has rarely been tested empirically.Asymptotic Invariance of Kelly Allocation Under Power-Law Asset Dynamics: Evidence from Bitcoin
We examine log-optimal portfolio allocation when the long-run price of an asset follows a power-law trajectory, $P(t)=At^α$, and its instantaneous return variance decays as $σ^2(t)=σ_0^2 t^{-2γ}$.Towards stratified sampling for redistricting plans
Rapid algorithmic developments have accelerated the sampling of redistricting ensembles (balanced graph partitions), yet evaluating rare events and sampling complex target measures remains a core…Flag Game: A Toy Model for Mechanistic Swarm Interpretability
Emergent coordinated behaviors of AI agents are starting to present critical safety risks.Message capacity and claim wording set the transition points of collective truth-finding in language-model networks
Whether human or large language model (LLM), an agent in a discussion reads only a few of the others' contributions, bounded by cognition, context, or cost.Geometric Signatures of Conceptual Reorganization: A Counterfactual Embedding Framework for Detecting Scientific Revolutions
We introduce document embedding geometry as a quantitative observable of conceptual reorganization and develop a counterfactual ablation framework for measuring how individual concepts influence the…ProtoGuide: Prototype-Driven Guidance for Class-Conditional Graph Generation
Discrete diffusion models are a prominent family for graph generation, but standard class-conditional mechanisms embed the class signal in the denoiser during training, tying the conditioning…Can AI systems have free will?
While there has been much discussion of whether AI systems could function as moral agents or acquire sentience, there has been very little discussion of whether AI systems could have free will.How to build a campfire? Participatory modelling with justice
Energy transition decision-making is pervaded by deep uncertainties.On-Demand Combinatorial Event Markets on Kalshi: Instantiation, Concentration, and Effective Market Breadth
Kalshi's multivariate-event architecture produces market objects on demand from exact selected legs.From Network Inequality to Network Fairness: A Perspective on Responsible Decision-Making
Social networks shape how individuals make decisions and how opportunities are distributed.Diverse Minds, Divided Networks? Personality Composition, Polarization, and Collective Intelligence in LLM-Based Social Simulations
Simulated societies of large language model agents are used to study online polarization, and separately to study collective intelligence, but the two are rarely measured in the same system.Motifs in temporal hypergraphs
Network motifs, recurrent local patterns of interactions in graphs, provide fundamental insights on the interplay between structure and functionality in complex systems.How neighbourhood ideology shapes misinformation belief in densely tied social networks
With the rapid spread of news on social media, understanding the propagation of misinformation is becoming increasingly important.Assessment of Non-Institutional AI Tool Usage Among Clinicians
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools are increasingly accessible and have the potential to improve efficiency across clinical workflows.Adaptive Entangled Game Modules in Artificial General Intelligence
We introduce a probability-wave framework for modeling the collective behavior of interacting adaptive agents, deriving testable eigenmodes through a generalized behavioral intelligence (GBI)…Mitigating Disease Spread by Design in Refugee and IDP Camps
Disease spread represents an increasing challenge in refugee and internally displaced person (IDP) settlements.