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Computation & Language / NLP
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Newest papers, page 244
1% of Tokens Can Be Enough: On Gradient Estimation in On-Policy Distillation
Sparse on-policy distillation (OPD) allocates teacher supervision to a small subset of tokens in student-generated trajectories.Fathom-Vaidya: Advancing Medical Reasoning with Rubric-Based Rewards
Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) in healthcare requires robust performance across two complementary dimensions - diagnostic reasoning: the convergent, evidence-driven task of inferring a…LLJ Cards: Best practices for the Use of LLMs as Judges
In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a popular alternative for evaluation.QLoRA Fine-Tuning of Ministral LLM for Sequence-to-Function Protein Annotation
Functional annotation of newly sequenced proteins remains a bottleneck in molecular biology: the number of sequences in public repositories grows far faster than the capacity for manual curation.Toward a Unified Mathematics of Concepts
Concepts are commonly defined as abstract, compact representations of knowledge and treated as basic units of intelligent behavior.Evaluating Decision Models for Text Annotation in Computational Social Science
Computational social science increasingly relies on large language models for text annotation, and the validity of published findings now rests on the labels generated by such models.UK-PRBENCH: A Paragraph-Level Precedent Retrieval Benchmark for United Kingdom Case Law
Prior case retrieval (PCR) aims to identify precedent cases relevant to a given query case.Custom Named Entity Recognition and Topic Classification for Global Health Publications
How should natural language processing models be selected and adapted for global health literature in environments where annotated data and computational resources are limited?Written as a Record, Read as an Address: What a Forward Pass Leaves in an Operation's KV Cache
When a language model reads an operation such as "Swap the contents of Box F and Box B", its forward pass writes keys and values for those tokens into the KV cache.Assessing Readability with LLMs: The Role of Reasoning and Few-Shot Prompting
Readability assessment is essential for tailoring texts to intended audiences across educational, healthcare, and information retrieval domains.Circuit Hypernetworks for Quantum-Augmented Diffusion Language Models
Language models can be adapted by changing the computations applied to individual tokens.Muon Can Outperform Dedicated Continual Learning Methods
Continual learning with Low-Rank Adapters (LoRA) typically mitigates forgetting by penalizing the overlap between a new update and the accumulated past weights, which discourages certain update…Adapting Tree-Structured Speculative Decoding to DeepSeek-V4 for Efficient Inference
Repeated execution of the target model during autoregressive decoding is a major source of LLM inference latency.When Quantization Preserves Accuracy but Not Evidence: Explanation-Aware Post-Training Quantization for Medical LLMs
Post-training quantization (PTQ) enables efficient deployment of large language models, and PTQ methods are usually optimized and evaluated with generic reconstruction, perplexity, or answer accuracy.MSI-Bench: Evaluating Multi-Speaker Voice Interaction for Collaborative AI Agents
Voice provides a natural and immediate interface for AI agents.The Answer-Basin Representation Hypothesis: We Are Not Probing or Steering Concepts
The Linear Representation Hypothesis associates high-level concepts with directions in language models, but it remains unclear how these concept-related linear structures are organized within the…Extracting Arguments, Not Just Classifying Them: Instruction-Tuned LLMs for Generative Component Detection
Argumentative component detection (ACD) is a core subtask of Argument(ation) Mining (AM) and one of its most challenging aspects, as it requires jointly delimiting argumentative spans and…Decomposing Error and Style in Automated Clinical Coding
In automated clinical coding, where the label space spans tens of thousands of diagnosis and procedure codes, models are currently evaluated against a single gold annotation, treating any deviation…The Copy Ceiling: An Input-Exposure Control for Ontology-Grounded Generation over Curated Corpora
When a language model answers from a curated corpus via graph-based retrieval, a large grounding uplift does not establish reasoning over the retrieved structure: the context may already expose the…OSWorld-Pro: Process-based Evaluation for Computer Use Agents
Evaluation of Computer-Use Agents (CUAs) is often limited to the final deliverables they create (at the end of hundreds of steps) and assessed with functional verifiers, as seen in OSWorld.