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Computation & Language / NLP
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O$^2$PD: Overlap-Gated On-Policy Distillation on Reliable Prefix
On-policy distillation (OPD) supplies dense token-level supervision by aligning a student to the teacher's next-token distribution on its own generated rollouts.Evaluating Token Probabilities as Confidence Estimators in Human Behavior Simulations: A Case Study in Luxembourgish Next Like Prediction
As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate human behavior, their operational validity is typically assessed through accuracy alone, implicitly treating human behavior as…Extending Reasoning in Typed Decision Models via Looping
Typed decision models choose among a fixed set of answer options in a single forward pass, so unlike generative language models they cannot spend more test-time compute on hard inputs by generating…Automated Video-to-QA Pipeline: End-to-End Question Generation and Verification Using Large Language Models
The exponential growth of educational and informational video content on platforms like YouTube presents a challenge for efficient knowledge retrieval and assessment.Scaling Laws for SAE Training Data
Activation storage is often a bottleneck in sparse autoencoder (SAE) training.Bridging Structure and Semantics: Knowledge Graph Verification via Triple-to-Text Alignment
Semantic accuracy is an important dimension of knowledge graph quality.Dataset Collection and Fine-Tuning of NLLB for German--English Translation
This paper describes the curation of a high-quality parallel corpus from OPUS Books and the fine-tuning of Meta's NLLB-200 models for German--English translation.Decodability Is Not Validity: Evaluating Nuisance Sensitivity in Language Model Concept Probes
Two concept probes can be equally accurate at predicting a concept from a language model's hidden states while their scores contain different mixtures of the target concept and a correlated nuisance…Different Corpora, Different Skills? A Paired Study of Small Language Models
Small language models are often trained under tight data budgets, where the choice of pretraining corpus may matter as much as model size or training recipe.Axis-LoRA: Probing and Adapting Embedding Models for Personal-Memory Retrieval
As LLMs are increasingly asked questions about a user's personal experiences, retrieval must distinguish memories by time, place, person, and event.Generate-then-Rank: Learning Symbolic Goal Interpretation for Embodied Agents
Goal interpretation is to translate a natural language instruction into a formal symbolic goal that a planner can execute.Masked diffusion as random sequential adsorption: an exactly solvable model for parallel decoding
Masked diffusion models generate text by reversing a stochastic masking process.Towards Foundation Decision Models: Drex
Autoregressive approaches with large language models, such as long chain-of-thought reasoning, have become the default for new AI applications because they reach higher accuracy on a wide range of…CORE: Coarse-to-Fine Search with Context Management for Deep Research
Deep research agents answer complex questions through repeated search.Do Recommenders Need to Think in Words? Latent Reasoning for Efficient LLM-Based Recommendation
LLM-based recommender systems increasingly generate chain-of-thought (CoT) text before each item prediction to activate the LLM's reasoning capacity, costing tens to hundreds of extra tokens per…Persistent Retrieval for Conversational Agents: A Study of Retrieval Efficiency
Conversational agents can retrieve information directly or delegate retrieval to a subagent.AraEngage: Interpretable Linguistic Correlates of Engagement in Arabic Facebook News
Engagement features developed for English are routinely applied to Arabic, but unvocalized Arabic changes what a lexical feature measures.CardioLM: A multilingual suite of small language models for the cardiology domain
Cardiovascular care generates large volumes of clinical free-text documentation in local languages.Beyond the Keyword: A Human-Annotated Benchmark for Arabic Anxiety-Related Discourse
Keyword retrieval returns expressions of personal anxiety together with many other uses of anxiety-related language.A Behavioural Framework for Predicting and Understanding Loss of Control in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Systems
Frontier artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly operating over longer horizons with diminishing human oversight, raising the risk of loss of control: systems acting beyond effective…