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On the Hardy--Littlewood--Chowla conjecture

Guangshi Lü, Zhiwei Wang and Jie Wu

Published
Source
OpenAlex
Published in
arXiv (Cornell University)
DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2610.20242
Original
Read it at the publisher
Topics
CombinatoricsGeometric TopologyNumber Theory

Abstract

An old conjecture dating back at least to Hildebrand's work in 1989, asserts that the Möbius function exhibits cancellation on shifted primes; that is, $$\sum_{p\le x}μ(p+2)=o(π(x)),\quad \text{or equivalently}\quad \sum_{n\le x}Λ(n)μ(n+2)=o(x).$$ This is also a well-known model case for the parity problem in sieve theory. In this paper, we prove this conjecture. As an application, we show that each of the two sets $\{p:\, μ(p+2)=1\}$ and $\{p:\, μ(p+2)=-1\}$ has asymptotic density $1/2$ among the primes $p$ with $μ^2(p+2)=1$: \begin{equation*} \lim_{x\to\infty} \frac{\#\{p\le x:\ μ(p+2)=κ\}} {\#\{p\le x:\ μ^2(p+2)=1\}} =\frac12, \quad κ\in\{-1,\,1\}. \end{equation*}

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