OpenAlex ·

IMU-Aided Correction of Orientation-Induced Ranging Error in Bluetooth Channel Sounding on Commercial Hardware

Mihir Bapat and Santosh Nagaraj

Published
Source
OpenAlex
DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2609.00650
Original
Read it at the publisher
Topics
Networking & InternetSignal Processing

Abstract

Bluetooth Low Energy Channel Sounding (BLE CS), standardized in Bluetooth Core Specification 6.0 (September 2024), enables distance estimation via phase-based ranging (PBR) and round-trip time (RTT). Although prior work has studied CS accuracy in configurations with a fixed orientation, no published work has studied how device orientation affects ranging error on commercial hardware. We present the first study of orientation-induced CS ranging error and a Machine Learning correction using IMU features. This study used the EFR32xG24 Channel Sounding Development Kit, the only commercial CS platform with an integrated six-axis Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). Our results show that device orientation has a substantial effect on CS ranging accuracy; we found that a Random Forest model trained on the IMU derived orientation achieved a 74.6\% Mean Absolute Error (MAE) reduction under a Leave One Orientation Out Evaluation, demonstrating that IMU readings have potential to improve ranging accuracy.

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